聚合植物油脂表面活性剂的制备及其结构与性能

摘要

采用环氧大豆油（ESO）为原料，乙酸乙酯为溶剂，四氯化锡为催化剂，通过环氧大豆油的开环自聚，制备聚合环氧大豆油（PESO）；再将PESO在碱性条件下水解，洗涤纯化后得到水解聚合环氧大豆油（HPESO）。通过傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对HPESO的结构及分子量分布进行了表征，并对得到的水解聚合环氧大豆油脂肪酸钾盐表面活性剂（HPESO-K）的临界胶束浓度cmc及其表面张力（γcmc）、Krafft 点（KP）、液体石蜡/水体系的乳化能力（EP）与抑泡及消泡能力（FP）进行了研究。结果表明：HPESO的数均分子量范围为1056～1156g/mol，重均分子量范围为1255～1374g/mol。在水溶液pH值为9～12条件下，HPESO-K的cmc值为0.13～0.41g/L，γcmc值为25.6～31.2mN/m。在水溶液pH=9条件下测得HPESO-K的Krafft点为37℃，液体石蜡/水体系中分出10mL水的时间为130s，亲水亲油平衡（HLB）值范围为10～11。%Polymerized epoxidized soybean oil (PESO) was firstly prepared through the ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil in ethyl acetate using SnCl4as catalyst. The hydrolyzed PESO (HPESO) was obtainedviathe hydrolyzation of PESO under alkaline condition after purification. The structure of HPESO was characterized by FTIR and1H NMR. The molecular weight of HPESO was obtained by GPC. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc),the surface tensions corresponding to cmc (γcmc),the Krafft point (KP),the emulsification properties (EP),and the foam proterties (FP) of the K+ counterion of HPESO (HPESO-K) were investigated. TheMn of HPESO ranged from 1056g/mol to 1156g/mol and theMw of HPESO ranged from 1255g/mol to 1374g/mol. Through varying the pH of HPECO-K aqueous solution from 9 to 11,thecmc of HPESO-K surfactant ranged from 0.13g/L to 0.41g/L and theγcmc of HPECO-K ranged from 25.6mN/m to 31.2mN/m,respectively. The KP of HPECO-K was 37℃ when the pH of HPECO-K solution was 9. When the surfactant was used as emulsifier,the time for 10mL water separated from the turpentine/water emulsion was 130s. The hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) of HPECO-K was in the range of 10—11.