木质纤维素生物质水热液化的研究进展

摘要

This paper summarizes the degradation mechanisms and hydrolysis products of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignocellulosic biomass materials under hydrothermal liquefaction conditions. Cellulose and hemicellulose degrade to monosaccharides,and then to acids,aldehydes and ketones. The hydrothermal liquefaction products of lignin contain a lot of phenolic compounds. Hydrothermal liquefaction of specific lignocellulosic biomass is more complex,and different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks lead to different bio-oil yield by hydrothermal liquefaction. Key factors determining the hydrolysis behavior in hydrothermal liquefaction are also discussed,including biomass type,catalyst, temperature,pressure,and reaction time on the yield and the distribution of products. Future research prospects to further improve the technology are discussed. It is pointed out that developing mathematical model of the hydrothermal decomposition,designing the suitable reactor,and selecting appropriate catalysts will be the directions of engineering experiments in the future.%对木质纤维素生物质的模型化合物（纤维素、半纤维素和木质素）的水热液化机理进行了剖析。纤维素和半纤维素降解路径主要是水解成单糖并进一步生成酸类、醛类、酮类等。木质素结构较复杂，液化产物中含有大量苯系化合物，具体木质纤维素生物质的水热液化反应更为复杂，不同的木质纤维素生物质原料水热液化产生的生物油含量不同；分析了原料种类、催化剂、反应温度、反应压力、对水热液化过程以及产品组成和收率的影响；对生物质水热液化制备生物油的研究进行了展望，认为发展木质纤维素生物质水热条件下降解的数学模型，开发新型反应器、研制催化剂，是今后生物质水热液化工程实验的发展方向。