固体酸催化纤维素水解转化葡萄糖的研究进展

摘要

Solid acid catalysts have been commonly employed for the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose in recent years due to the ease of product separation and good catalyst recyclability. This paper summarizes the recent advances in the hydrolysis of cellulose using different types of solid acids,such as metal oxides,polymer based acids,sulfonated carbonaceous based acids,heteropoly acids,H-form zeolites,magnetic solid acids,supported metals,solid superacid,and graphene derivative. The catalysts still need to be improved in cellulose contact and active components retainment. The acid strength,acid site density,adsorption of the substance,and micropores of the solid material are all key factors for effective hydrolysis processes. Meanwhile,methods used to promote reaction efficiency,such as the pretreatment of cellulose to reduce its crystallinity and the use of ionic liquids or microwave irradiation to improve the reaction rate,are also discussed. Finally,the potential research trends are also suggested to provide valuable ideas for the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose in a green,simple,efficient,and inexpensive way.%固体酸催化剂具有很好的重复使用性以及产物易于分离的特点，近年来在纤维素降解转化葡萄糖的研究中得到越来越多的关注。这篇综述总结了不同类型的固体酸在水解纤维素上的研究进展，如金属氧化物、高分子聚合物固体酸、磺化的碳基固体酸、杂多酸、氢型分子筛、磁性固体酸、负载型金属氧化物以及固体超强酸和石墨烯衍生物等。分析了固体酸催化剂存在的问题如与纤维素接触困难、活性组分容易损失等。另外指出酸强度、酸密度、底物的吸附性以及固体材料上的微孔都是纤维素水解的一些关键因素。同时对一些提高纤维素水解效率的方法如纤维素的预处理、离子液体的使用以及微波照射等也进行了讨论。此外，对于纤维素降解转化葡萄糖的一些更加绿色、简单、有效以及低成本的有价值的策略如仿酶催化进行了讨论。