层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)作为一种低成本、表面带正电荷、结构与组成高度可调变并能进行插层反应的二维无机材料备受关注.目前合成出分散性良好、粒径分布范围窄以及可调结构和组成的LDHs具有一定挑战性,再加上为了满足不同应用的实际需求,需要将其他功能组分与含有复杂结构(化学修饰)的LDHs进行组装形成功能化LDHs材料,这对其结构设计和制备方法的策略提出了新的挑战.因此,本文将目光聚焦在LDHs的可控合成、表面化学修饰、功能化复合材料方面的研究上,归类总结了研究者们在设计制备功能化LDHs方面所做的贡献,分析了功能化LDHs复合材料在不同领域应用的特点和作用,提出进行创新结构设计和合成方案简易化将是今后构建功能化LDHs复合材料的研究重点.%Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted much attention as a low cost 2D inorganic material with positive charge,highly tunable structure and two-dimensional reaction space. The synthesis of LDHs with good dispersion, narrow size distribution and tunable structure and composition remains a major challenge. In addition,to meet the requirements of practical applications, other functional components need to be assembled with modified LDHs to form functional LDHs materials, which brings significant conceptual challenges to their structural design and preparation strategies. Therefore, this paper focused on the controllable synthesis, surface chemical modification and functional composite materials of LDHs, and summarized the contributions of researchers on the design and preparation of functional LDHs. The characteristics and functions of the functionalized LDHs composites in different fields were also analyzed. Finally, the innovation of structural design and simplification of synthesis scheme were proposed to be the research focus on designing functional LDHs composite in the future.
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