煤焦油中酚类化合物的分离及其组成结构鉴定研究进展

摘要

The separation of phenolic compounds is one of the effective ways to realize the high value-added utilization of coal tar. The understanding of the distribution of phenolic compounds and their structure characteristics is favorable of the development of efficient separation methods.Aiming at the separation and purification of phenolic compounds,this paper reviewed three kinds of separation methods of phenolic compounds(alkali extraction method,solvent extraction and new methods) and introduced the progress of phenolic compounds purification.The advantages and disadvantages of different separation and purification methods were also compared objectively.Three kinds of identification methods ( spectrophotometry , chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance ) were introduced systematically.This paper discussed the development trend of technology in this field,and pointed out that the analysis and identification of phenols needed to combine various advanced methods for analyzing its composition and structure in multi-level and all-round way.The selection of environment friendly and efficient extracting agent could be accelerated to promote the application of new extraction methods.The purification of phenolic compounds should be focused on developing the efficient purification processes of m/pcresol and mixed cresol,and strengthening the extraction of advanced phenols.%酚类化合物的提取是实现煤焦油高附加值利用的有效途径之一,掌握煤焦油中酚类化合物的分布情况、结构特点有助于高效分离方法的开发.针对煤焦油中粗酚的提取及精制,本文综述了碱液抽提法、溶剂萃取法和新型分离方法 3 类粗酚提取方法的研究现状,介绍了粗酚精制的研究进展,并讨论了不同粗酚提取、精制方法之间的优势与不足.系统阐述了光谱法、色谱法及核磁共振法 3 大类酚类化合物组成结构鉴定方法.探讨了该领域技术的发展趋势,认为酚类的分析鉴定需将多种先进手段结合,多层次、全方位地分析其组成及结构;粗酚的提取可以加快环保高效萃取剂的优选,推动新型萃取法的应用进度;粗酚精制在重点开发间、对甲酚及混合二甲酚高效提纯工艺的同时,加强高级酚提取的研究力度.