液态CO2相变致裂破岩与炸药破岩综合对比分析

摘要

To reduce the harm caused by the traditional blasting of explosives,a rock-fracturing blasting technol-ogy based on liquid CO2 phase change was introduced.Based on field fracturing tests and blasting vibration monito-ring of liquid CO2,the rock breaking mechanism and blasting vibration induced by CO2 phase change fracturing and explosive blasting were analyzed.In addition,the gas production in fracturing the unit volume of rock,gas composition and impacts on the environment were also calculated and compared.The results indicate that the technology of liquid CO2 phase change fracturing can improve the efficiency of energy utilization and effectively reduce the blasting vibra-tion.For unit volume of rock breaking,the amount of explosion gas generated by liquid CO2 phase change fracturing technology and conventional rock emulsion explosive are 0.21 kg and 0.202～0.217 kg respectively.The liquid CO2 phase change fracturing is a physical change and the explosive products contain only non-toxic CO2 gas,while the detonation of emulsion explosive belongs to chemical changes and a large number of CO,NO,NO2,NxOy,SOx as well as other hazardous gas were produced during the explosion.The liquid of CO2 phase change fracturing technology has obvious advantages in environmental protection and disaster reduction,which provides a basis for the promotion of liquid CO2 phase change fracturing technology in engineering blasting.%为了降低传统炸药爆破带来的危害,介绍了基于液态二氧化碳相变致裂爆破技术.在液态二氧化碳致裂现场试验和振动监测的基础上,对二氧化碳相变致裂与炸药爆破的破岩机理和引起的爆破振动进行了分析.此外,通过计算比较了两种破岩方式破碎单位体积岩石的气体生成量、气体成分及其对环境的影响.结果表明:液态二氧化碳相变致裂技术能有效提高能量的利用率,且能有效降低爆破震动.破碎单位体积岩石,液态二氧化碳相变致裂技术和传统岩石乳化炸药爆破生成的爆炸气体量分别为0.21 kg和0.202 ～0.217 kg.液态二氧化碳相变属于物理变化,爆破产物只含无毒的二氧化碳气体,传统岩石乳化炸药爆破属于化学变化,爆炸过程中生成大量CO、NO、NO2、NxOy和硫氧化合物等有毒有害气体.液态二氧化碳相变致裂破岩在环保和减灾方面具有明显的优越性,这为液态二氧化碳相变致裂技术在工程爆破中的推广提供了依据.