Green technologies,e.g.,bioaugmentation and biostimulation,are cost effective and eco-friendly,and are becoming Rosetta Stone for the remediation of soil heavy metal and organic pollutants. Various bacteria,fungi and their consortia can be combined with physical and chemical techniques for the targeted remediation of soil organic contamination,heavy metal contamination and combined pollutions. This review exemplifies the representative studies within the recent five years,summarizes the screening of microbial strains from multiple sources and their potentials in transforming/degrading various types of pollutants,and highlights their applications in the case studies of laboratory,greenhouse and field conditions. The complexity of microbial remediation is ascribed to not only the variations of physiological and metabolic traits,but also numerous environmental factors,including abiotic factors,e.g.,pH,temperature,type of soil,pollutant concentration,content of water and organic matter,additional carbon and nitrogen sources,and biotic factors,e.g.,inoculum size, interactions between the introduced strains and autochthonous microbes,and the survival of inoculants. Prospects of combined remediation and the applications of molecular methods are also presented.%生物强化和生物刺激等绿色技术以其经济有效、生态友好的特性,已逐渐成为治理土壤重金属和有机污染的利器.多种细菌、真菌及混合菌群可与物理化学修复手段灵活组合,针对性开展土壤有机污染、重金属污染及复合污染修复.总结近5年代表性研究结果,讨论处理菌株的多来源筛选,其转化/降解不同类型污染物的潜力,着重其在多尺度土壤治理案例中的应用,包括实验室、温室和场地条件下的修复表现.微生物修复的复杂性不仅由于菌的生理和代谢特性差异,还表现在影响因素众多,包括非生物因素,如pH、温度、土壤类型、污染物浓度、水和有机质含量,外加碳源和氮源等生物因素,如接种量,外加菌株和原地土著菌互作,接种物存活等.指出今后联合修复思路和加强分子方法应用的研究方向.
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