耕种方式对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

摘要

通过大田定位试验,研究了免耕条播、深松条播、旋耕条播、机械撒播等4种耕种方式下冬小麦强势粒灌浆特性,用Logistic方程拟合籽粒灌浆进程,对籽粒灌浆参数进行了分析.试验结果表明,方程拟合决定系数均在0.9942以上,Logistic方程能真实反映籽粒灌浆进程.旋耕条播、机械撒播耕作深度相同,各阶段灌浆速率较一致,渐增期、快增期、缓增期均低于深松条播和免耕条播,但二者株行配置方式不同,机械撒播渐增期略高于旋耕条播,快增期、缓增期均低于旋耕条播,但3个阶段灌浆持续期分别比旋耕条播高0.05、0.57 d和0.71d.耕作、种植方式主要通过影响籽粒灌浆速率和灌浆持续天数影响粒重,耕作方式对灌浆速率影响大,株行配置对灌浆持续期影响明显.耕种方式对强势粒、弱势粒灌浆特性影响效应不同,机械撒播强势粒渐增期灌浆速率高达0.95 mg·d-1·粒-1,持续时间仅为9.95 d,快增期、缓增期灌浆速率仅为2.11 mg·d-1·粒-1和0.59 mg·d-1·粒-1,但持续时间长达12.27 d和15.27 d,强势粒千粒重高达41.65 g,虽然强、弱势粒综合千粒重仅为40.2g,但该模式有效穗数高,经济产量高达7 599.0 kg·hm-2.%In order to providing theory basis for suitable agricultural measures of different tillage and seeding methods,the effect of tillage and seeding methods on grain filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat was discussed.In the field experiment from September 2011 to June 2012,we compared the effects of no tillage with row planting(NTS),subsoiling tillage with row planting (DTS),mechanical broadcast sowing (BSS),and rotary tillage with row planting (RTS) on grain filling characteristics,under the conditions of same sowing date.Logistic equation was used to characterize grain filling process.The result showed that the R square value of equation fitting coefficient reached a highly significant level above 0.9942.This indicated that the logistic equation could truly reflect the process of grain filling.Tillage and seeding methods influenced grain filling process significantly.There were no obvious differences of grain filling rate (GFR) between BSS and RTS treatment because of the same depth of tillage.The GFR of these two treatments in the gradual increasing-stage,rapid increasing-stage and slow increasing-stage,were lower than the NTS and DTS treatment.There was a marked difference of plant and row allocation between the BSS and RTS treatment.The gradual increasingstage GFR of BSS was higher than RTS,and the GFR of rapid increasing-stage and slow increasing-stage were lower than it.But the grain filling duration (GFD) of BSS during each stage was 0.05,0.57 d and 0.71 d longer than RTS.Tillage and seeding methods mainly affect the grain weight through GFR and GFD.The tillage affects the GFR most,and the plantation spacing affects GFD.The tillage affects the grain filling of superior and inferior grains differently,and the BSS treatment for the superior grains,the grain weight was higher with higher GFR 0.95 milligram per day per kernel at the slow growth period,and GFD only reached 9.95 day,the GFR at both rapid growth period and slow growth period of the grain filling reached 2.11 and 0.59 mg per day per kemel,whereas the GFD reached 12.27 and 15.27 day,while the 1000-kernel weight of superior grains reached 41.65 g.Although 1000-kernel weight for the superior and inferior graim were only 40.2 g,the plantation mode was of higher effective pa nicles number and the economic yield come to 7 599.0 kg per hectare.