高空间分辨率数字高程模型测量技术及其在活断层研究中的应用

摘要

Firstly,we analyzed several technologies by which to obtain DEM (digital elevation model),including the high resolution remote sensing stereo measurement,InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar),LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and SfM (structure form motion),and their characteristics to extract VHR DEM (very high resolution digital elevation model).In practical application,we should consider the terrain features of the study area and choose reasonable technology to extract VHR DEM.Then,combining with the latest research results,we summarized the applications of VHR DEM in active faults identification and geometric structure analysis,co-seismic displacement and cumulative displacement as well as paleoearthquake research.VHR DEM has brought the active fault research into the unprecedented fine level with its sub-meter spatial resolution and high accuracy.%首先分析了获取数字高程模型(DEM)的高分遥感立体测量、合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术、激光雷达测距技术和运动重建技术等技术手段,以及现阶段高空间分辨率数字高程模型(VHR DEM)提取技术的主要特点,实际应用中需根据研究区地形地貌特点选择合适的VHR DEM获取技术;然后,结合最新研究成果着重阐述了VHR DEM在活断层识别及几何结构分析、同震位移与累积位移获取和古地震研究等领域的最新应用;最后指出,VHRDEM由于其高精度、高空间分辨率的特点,正逐步改变传统活断层的研究方法,使得对活断层的研究进入到了前所未有的精细化水平.