夏秋两季洱海、太湖表层混合层的深度变化特征及其机理分析

摘要

The variation of the surface mixed layer depth may affect not only the evolution of aquatic ecosystem, but also the temporal-spatial distribution of precipitation and climate in the basin. Based on the meteorological data and water temperature profiles observed in Erhai Lake (located in the Tibetan Plateau) and Taihu Lake (located in the Taihu Plain), the variation features and the mechanisms of the surface mixed layer depths are investigated. The stratification in Erhai Lake can be established and sustained in summer;the diurnal stratification in Erhai Lake can also be established, However, in both summer and autumn, stratification may exist in Taihu Lake. The time length of stratification is longer in Erhai Lake than that in Lake Taihu in the autumn. And the surface mixed layer depths in Erhai Lake are shallower than those in Taihu Lake in summer and autumn. The transformation frequency between establishment and destruction of stratification in Taihu Lake is faster than that in Erhai Lake, which illustrated that the response of water body in Taihu Lake to atmospheric variation is quicker than that in Erhai Lake. The water depth is a key factor which prevents such shallow lakes as Taihu Lake from establishing and maintainaning stratifications and in a suitable radiation condition the stratification will exist. The net radiation is a key factor that determines the stratification and the length of the time when the stratification can be sustained in lakes whose depths are the same as that of Erhai Lake. The research result in this paper is helpful for exploring the coupling mechanism of the turbulence of water and air and the evolution law of aquatic ecosystem.%　　湖泊表层混合层深度的变化不仅影响湖泊水生生态系统的演变，而且影响流域的局地气候、降水量的时空格局等。基于2008年夏秋两季洱海(高原湖泊)和太湖(平原湖泊)的气象与水温廓线观测资料，分析探讨了两湖表层混合层深度的变化特征及其机制。结果表明：夏季洱海能维持持续的分层现象，秋季有明显的日分层现象，而在相应的两季中，太湖仅可能存在日分层现象；洱海表层混合层深度较同期太湖更浅；太湖两季的表层混合层深度变化较洱海频繁，即太湖水体混合与分层的交替过程对气象条件的响应较洱海更为迅速。太湖这类浅水湖泊，水深是抑制其存在稳定、持续分层的关键因素，在合适的辐射条件下，可形成日分层现象；而洱海这类深度的湖泊，净热量通量是影响其是否存在持续、稳定分层的主要因子。该研究为进一步探讨湖泊与大气两种湍流运动的耦合机制及水生生态环境演替规律等提供了有力的参考。