辐射测温是通过测量物体表面发射的辐射来反演温度。本文结合线性发射率模型从辐射测温方程封闭求解的角度，解释了谱色测温通常需采用微元立体角测量或针对漫发射体的有限立体角辐射测量的原因，并推导出了有限立体角辐射测量条件下，具有非漫发射性质物体表面温度测量的辐射测温方程，该方程具有测量普适性。以此方程为基础，推导了具有测量普适性的谱色测温方程组，发现不同的辐射测量条件下，发射率标尺的取值范围相同，但物理意义发生了明显变化。%The true surface temperature for an object can be determined by measuring emitted radiation. Primary spectrum pyrometry should be generally carried out by radiation measurement within an infinitesimal solid angle or within a finite solid angle in the case of diffuse emission, so that the radiation thermometry equations become a closed system for temperature and other undetermined parameters. The radiation thermometry equation with linear emissivity model is obtained, which can be used to measure the temperature of the object with non-diffuse emission within a finite solid angle. This equation is universal in radiation measurement, based on which equations for primary spectrum pyrometry are deduced. These equations are also universal in radiation measurement, in which the emissivity scales under different measurement conditions are limited to the same range, but have different physical meanings.
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