高激发态原子间的范德瓦尔斯相互作用*

摘要

与基态原子相比,高激发态原子(主量子数n>15)具有很强的长程范德瓦尔斯(Van der Waals)相互作用,这种强相互作用可以阻止相邻原子的进一步激发,产生激发阻塞效应。本文从理论上利用微扰方法计算碱金属原子Rb和Cs激发态nS, nD原子对态的相互作用,获得原子相互作用的色散系数并分析了原子间的长程相互作用特性。结果表明, Rb和Cs原子的nS态表现为排斥相互作用,而nD态原子L=0时, Rb 原子表现为吸引作用, Cs原子表现为排斥作用。%The highly excited atoms have a strong Van der Waals interaction compared with the ground-state atoms, which can block the excitation of neighboring atoms and forming the blockade effect. In this work, the interaction between highly excited atoms is calculated using the perturbation theory, the interaction of nS and nD pair states and the dispersion coefficients are obtained. This shows that the interactions of the SS for both Rb and Cs atoms are repulsive, whereas the interaction of DD states with the angular momentum L=0 is repulsive for Cs and attractive for Rb.