考虑动态车间距的一维元胞自动机交通流模型∗

摘要

基于NaSch元胞自动机交通流模型，考虑司机复杂的性格特征和驾驶行为差异，引入相邻车辆的动态车间距，提出了一个改进的单车道元胞自动机交通流模型。通过数值模拟得到了流量-密度关系，在中高密度区域呈现出一种弥散分布的状态而非惟一确定的关系，再现了交通系统中的自由流、同步流及宽幅运动阻塞，表明道路上即使没有交通瓶颈也会出现同步流和拥挤交通，同时揭示了在同步流中存在的车辆高速跟驰现象，高速跟驰率与交通实测结果较为符合。%Based on the NaSch cellular automaton traffic model, a modified single lane traffic model is proposed by considering the dynamic headway of successive vehicles, in which the complex characteristic and driving behavior difference between drivers are taken into account. The relationship between the flow rate and the traffic density is obtained by the numerical simulation, and it shows a two-dimensional region in the flow density plane. The three traffic phases, i.e., free flow, synchronized flow, and wide moving jams, are exhibited. It indicates that the synchronized flow and traffic jams can appear even if there is no traffic bottleneck. Besides, the high speed car-following phenomenon is indicated when the traffic is in the synchronized flow. The rate of the high speed car-following is in good agreement with the measured result.