超稳定玻璃

摘要

Glasses are solid materials that are far from their thermodynamic equilibrium states and their stabilities play a role in many applications as well the theoretical understanding of the natures of glass systems. Recently, ultrastable glasses (SGs) have been developed. The SGs have the stabilities that ordinary glasses can obtain only after being annealed for thousands to millions of years, thereby providing a great opportunity for studying the stabilities of glasses. In this paper we present a brief review about the properties of SGs and their formation mechanisms and novel insights into the glassy physics.%非晶态物质处于热力学非平衡状态,稳定性是非晶态材料应用的重要瓶颈,也是理论研究的关键问题.最近人们开发出相当于普通金属玻璃退火上百万年的"超稳定玻璃",为研究非晶态材料的稳定性和非晶态物质的本质提供了新契机.本文简要介绍超稳定玻璃的特点、形成机理以及其对非晶态物理学基本问题提供的新见解和新思路.