利用泥芯示踪九连墩楚墓青铜器的产地

摘要

探讨了利用青铜器内残留的陶范或泥芯示踪青铜器产地的可行性.采用偏光显微镜、XRD、XRF、NAA等技术手段,测试分析了湖北九连墩楚墓青铜器内的泥芯,发现九连墩外来风格青铜器的泥芯,在物相、微观结构、化学成分、植硅体组合等方面与本地风格青铜器的泥芯有较大差异.外来风格青铜器的泥芯,其CaO含量很高,达6％以上,而Na2O的含量相对较低,这一富钙、贫钠的特点,与中国黄土的典型特征极为吻合.结合泥芯中的植硅体组合特征,推测九连墩外来风格的青铜器很可能来自中国北方黄土堆积地区,系当地铸造后输入到楚国的.本研究表明利用青铜器内的泥芯或陶范残留,可望有效地示踪青铜器的产地.%The style, decoration and inscription of the bronzes have been studied for determining the foundry area of the bronze vessels, which is subject to the subjective experience and knowledge of archaeologists. Some scholars have analyzed lead isotope and trace elements of bronze vessels and attempted to ascertain the foundry area of the bronzes using natural science means. However, the signature of lead isotope and trace elements of the bronzes provide information on ore sources whose metal minerals were used to cast the bronzes, not the information on the foundry area. The composition of casting clay core might provide clue to the foundry area of the bronze vessels. This paper probed into the casting place of the bronze vessels on the basis of an analysis of clay core residues of the bronze vessels. Samples of the fragments of the casting clay cores were removed from the bronze vessels unearthed at Jiuliandun tombs of Chu State, in Zaoyang City, Hubei Province, dated back to the Warring States Period, and were analyzed by such means as polarized light microscope, XRD, XRF, NAA and ICP-AES. The results reveal that the casting clay cores of extraneous bronze vessels from Jiuliandun tombs aredifferent from those of local bronze vessels excavated in No. 1 and No. 2 Jiuliandun tombs in such aspects as phase composition, microstructure, major elements, trace elements, REE and phytolith assemblages. The content of CaO in casting clay cores of extraneous bronze vessels is very high and the content of Na2O is low, which are representative characteristics of the loess in northern China. Combined with the analysis of phytolith assemblages, it is inferred that extraneous bronze vessels were cast in the loess area of northern China. This study also indicates that it is feasible to restrict the possible foundry area of the bronze vessels according to the analysis of casting clay cores residues on the bronzes.