大椭圆航线设计的空间矢量方法

摘要

Aiming at the problem of navigation error caused by unified earth model in great circle route planning using sphere model and modern navigation equipment using ellipsoid mode ,a method of great ellipse route planning based on space vector is studied .By using space vector algebra method ,the vertex of great ellipse is solved directly ,and description of great ellipse based on major‐axis vector and minor‐axis vector is presented .Then calcul ation formul as of great ellipse azimuth and distance are deduced using two basic vectors .Finally ,algorithms of great ellipse route planning are studied ,especially equal distance route planning algorithm based on Newton‐Raphson(N‐R) method .Comparative examples show that the difference of route planning between great circle and great ellipse is significant ,using algorithms of great ellipse route planning can eliminate the navigation error caused by the great circle route planning ,and effectively improve the accuracy of navigation calcul ation .%针对传统大圆航线设计采用的球体模型和现代导航设备采用的椭球体模型不统一引起航行误差的问题，研究了基于空间矢量的大椭圆航线设计方法。通过采用空间矢量代数方法直接求解大椭圆顶点，并提出依据长轴矢量和短轴矢量的大椭圆描述方法，应用两个基本矢量推导大椭圆航线方位和航程计算公式，进而研究了大椭圆航线设计算法，重点提出了基于Newton‐Raphson（N‐R）的等距离航线设计算法。对比算例表明，大圆航线与大椭圆航线设计结果差异明显，大椭圆航线设计算法与航行阶段采用的地球模型一致，可消除大圆航线设计引起的误差，提高航海计算精度。