全球高程系统的统一问题

摘要

Some fundamental problems on the establishment of the global unified height system, including the geometry and gravity definition of the normal height, the global unification of the regional height systems obtained from leveling measurements, and the determination of geoid potential W0 are discussed.The main conclusions are summarized:①The definition of normal height in the sense of geometry leveling and gravity theory is different, so that h-ζ≠HL, here h,ζand HL are geodetic height, height anomaly and levelling height respectively.Instead of it, we found HL=h-ζ+(e)γ/(e)hζH, in the mountain area, the last correction term have to be added.②Based on the merging of GNSS/gravity/regional leveling, the regional leveling height can be transformed into a global relative unified height system, however the value of geoid potential W0 is still needed in order to establish an absolute height system.③ W0 can be determinated from the modern geodetic techniques with a certain accuracy, but it is time variable, so that people may only define a global absolute unified height system in a fixed epoch.%讨论了建立全球统一高程系统的若干基本问题,包括正常高的几何定义和重力定义,区域水准测量高程系统的全球统一问题以及大地水准面位W0的确定.结果表明:①几何水准高程和重力定义的正常高存在差别,由GNSS/重力得到的正常高并不等于几何水准给出的正常高,而要加上一与高程有关的改正项,并且在山区这一改正不可忽略;②由GNSS/重力/区域几何水准融合可以给出一个相对的全球统一高程系统,而要得到绝对的统一系统,还须知道大地水准面的位W0;③现代大地测量技术可以以一定精度求出W0,但它是时变的,因此只能定义出某个历元的全球绝对统一高程系统.