液压平衡式水下鱼雷发射系统活塞缓冲特性数值仿真

摘要

For researching the shock vibration resulted from the water cylinder piston buffering of the underwater torpedo launch system, computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) simulation is conducted to study the piston buffering characteristics. One-dimensional and CFD methods are combined in the simulation.The thermodynamic models of air bottle and cylinder, and the kinetic model of piston and weapon are described by using ordinary differential equations ( ODE ) , and they are solved by using four-order RungeKutta method. The seawater flows in cylinder, launch chamber and launch tube are solved by using CFD method. The applied force and velocity of the torpedo are used as coupling variables to account for the interaction between fluid and solids. The simulation results show that, at the end of the launch process, the pressure surges in piston buffering mechanism will generate shocks to submarine structure. To reduce the shock vibration and noise of underwater torpedo launch, the buffering mechanism should be redesigned optimally.%为研究水下鱼雷发射系统水缸活塞缓冲阶段对系统造成的冲击振动影响,采用计算流体力学(CFD)仿真对其缓冲机构特性进行研究.仿真中采用一维仿真与CFD仿真相结合的方法.气瓶与气缸热力学模型、活塞及鱼雷动力学模型均用一维常微分方程(ODE)描述,采用四阶龙格库塔法求解；包括水缸、发射水舱和发射管的整个海水区域的流体流动采用CFD方法求解.一维模型和流体计算模型之间用活塞与鱼雷的受力和运动速度作为中间变量相联系,从而实现流体与固体之间的耦合.仿真结果表明,发射结束时缓冲座内海水瞬时压力过高会对潜艇结构造成较大冲击,为降低鱼雷发射冲击振动与噪声必须对活塞缓冲机构进行优化.