含钾盐添加剂的火药燃烧产物导电特性研究

摘要

为提高火药燃烧产物的导电特性,基于气体热电离理论,在火药中添加电离电位较低的碳酸钾碱金属化合物以提高其电离度.通过对火药燃烧反应的化学物理过程进行分析,结合内弹道理论和等离子体理论建立火药燃气的热电离模型,数值计算了火药燃烧过程的压力、燃气温度等热力学变化过程.应用Saha方程和交错法,分析了火药力、燃烧室容积和钾盐含量变化对燃烧产物电子密度和电导率的影响规律,并采用光谱测量法试验测试了无钾盐添加剂和加入钾盐后火药燃烧产物的发射光谱强度.研究结果表明:添加电离种子碳酸钾后能够使火药燃气具有较高的导电性;火药力和药室容积的增加可以相应地提高燃气电导率.%In order to improve the electrical properties of propellant combustion products,the alkali metal compound K2CO3 with low ionization potential is added to improve the degree of ionization based on the theory of thermal ionization of gases.Through the analysis of physical and chemical processes of combustion reaction of propellant,a thermoelectric model of propellant gas is established by means of the interior ballistic theory and plasma theory.The thermodynamic processes of combustion pressure and combustion temperature are simulated,and the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data.Saha equation and staggered method are used to analyze the effects of propellant force,combustion chamber volume and potassium content on the electron density and conductivity of combustion products.The emission spectrum intensities of combustion products without or with potassium salt are measured using spectrometry.The results show that K2CO3 can make the propellant gas have higher conductivity,the increase in propellant force and chamber volume can improve the conductivity of combustion gas.