Optimized ISRU Propellants for Propulsion and Power Needs for Future Mars Colonization

摘要

In recent studies (Rice; 2000, 2002) conducted by ORBITEC for the NASA Institute forrnAdvanced Concepts (NIAC), we conceptualized systems and an evolving optimized architecture forrnproducing and utilizing Mars-based in-situ space resources utilization (ISRU) propellant combinations forrnfuture Mars colonization. The propellants are to be used to support the propulsion and power systems forrnground and flight vehicles. The key aspect of the study was to show the benefits of ISRU, develop anrnanalysis methodology, as well as provide guidance to propellant system choices in the future based uponrnwhat is known today about Mars. The study time frame included an early unmanned and mannedrnexploration period (through 2040) and two colonization scenarios that are postulated to occur from 2040 torn2090. As part of this feasibility study, ORBITEC developed two different Mars colonization scenarios: arnlow case that ends with a 100-person colony (an Antarctica analogy) and a high case that ends with arn10,000-person colony (a Mars terraforming scenario). A population growth model, mission traffic model,rnand infrastructure model were developed for each scenario to better understand the requirements of futurernMars colonies. Additionally, propellant and propulsion systems design concepts were developed. Costrnmodels were also developed to allow comparison of the different ISRU propellant approaches. This paperrnsummarizes the overall results of the study. ISRU proved to be a key enabler for these colonizationrnmissions. Carbon monoxide and oxygen, proved to be the most cost-effective ISRU propellantrncombination. The entire final reports Phase I and II) and all the details can be found at the NIAC websiternwww.niac.usra.edu.