Dietary and Non-Dietary Predictors of Pyrethroid Pesticides in a Cohort of Urban Pregnant Women

摘要

Pyrethroids and organophosphate pesticides are used in agriculture and residential areas to protect crops and reduce the transmission of insect-borne diseases. We aimed to investigate dietary and non-dietary predictors of pyrethroid and organophosphate urinary concentrations of five biomarkers (3-PBA, PNP, CPM, OPM, and 24-D) among healthy pregnant women aged 16-35 living in New York City. Urinary pesticides biomarkers of 153 women who participated in the Thyroid Disruption and Infant Development Study were measured. We imputed the median) subsequently to assess their association with dietary and non-dietary predictors. Baseline demographic and dietary data were collected from all women at the time of recruitment in prenatal clinics. After excluding cases with missing values on dietary and non-dietary predictors, 137 participants were included in our analysis. Ordinal logistic regression models with dietary and non-dietary predictors were used to predict level of biomarker; in these models odds ratios under 1.0 represent increased odds. The proportional odds assumption held. For each year increase in maternal age, the odds of having higher concentrations of 24-D was higher [OR=0.92 (95%CI: 0.85,0.98). Hispanic women had higher odds of having lower concentrations of CPM and OPM [OR=5.0 (95%CI: 1.70,14.73), [OR=3.43 (95%CI: 1.24,9.51)]. Dietary variables predicted the concentration of PAR. Mothers who reported eating any organic products had higher odds of having higher urinary levels of OPM compared to those who did not [OR=0.36 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.94). Age and ethnicity predict pyrethroid and organophosphate concentrations in this population of pregnant women. Our intriguing finding of higher concentrations of OPM in mothers who report eating organic products requires confirmation in future work with more detailed dietary assessments.