INTEGRATED USE OF SENTINEL-2, LANDSAT-8 AND CARTOSAT DEM FOR AUTOMATIC LINEAMENT EXTRACTION, TO STUDY ACTIVE TECTONICS IN PARTS OF NW HIMALAYAN FRONTAL THRUST BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

摘要

The lineaments are important structural and geological indicator to determine tectonic trends and fractures zones in the rocks. The study involves automatic extraction and digital analysis of lineaments to understand the tectonic setting of the area. The scope of the work is to avoid the bias related to the visual interpretation of lineaments and to increase the speed of data processing. Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) demarcates a sharp physiographic and active tectonic boundary between Himalayan foothills and recent alluvial plain. The study area constitutes NW part of Sub-Himalaya between Sutlej to Ghaggar river. The aim of this work is to use of Cartosat DEM derived auxiliary data (hill shade, slope, aspect and drainage map) and lineaments extracted from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data in tectonic induction. The methodology involves (1) essential input data, (2) preprocessing of the satellite image (3) extracting of lineaments from satellite images (4) interpreting the lineaments using DEM and auxiliary data. The software ENVI 5.3 is used for image pre-processing, Geomatica for lineament extraction, ArcGIS 10.3 for the splitting of lineament, density map generation, auxiliary data generation and Rockwork 16 for the rose diagram. Three geospatial analyses are applied in order to evaluate the lineaments i.e. length, density, and orientation. It is observed that the predominant direction of lineaments is in NE-SW and is perpendicular to the major structural trend (NNW-SSE). The trend of lineament indicates the direction of maximum principal compressive stress and displacement along major faults. The maximum density of lineaments lies along major fault zones of the area. The lineament density value is relatively higher in the high relief area due to the presence of fractured rocks owing to the structurally active terrain along the Siwalik range. Overlaying of detected lineaments, drainage and slope-aspect map illustrates their geospatial relation with the regional tectonic setting. The drainage pattern (Sub-parallel & Trellis) and drainage anomalies (offset streams, stream capture) found associated with Himalayan frontal thrust, Pinjore Garden Fault and Nalagarh thrust attributed active tectonic activities in the area. From the integrated approach of multispectral remote sensing data and DEM, it is concluded that the north-western part of Sub-Himalaya is seismically very active.