Improvement of Spawn, Compost and Cultivation Technique for Oyster Mushroom

摘要

A series of works related with growing techniques for oyster mushroom were implemented to improve the efficiencies involved in spawn, compost, cultivation. To enhance the quality of sawdust spawn,fermentation technique was introduced to the spawn making. In an attempt to solve the problems of growing basic factor, the improvement of preparation of the substrate was carried out. Quality and productivity of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju were also assessed by a perforated polythene sheet covering technique. A method of spawn making procedures through the application of fermented sawdust for the purpose of avoiding contamination by undesirable fungi in the course of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelial growth was evaluated. Of three kinds of supplements, rice bran was the most effective to raise temperature up to 70℃. Mycelial activity and density were more considerably improved in the case of using fermented sawdust supplemented with rice bran than the case of non-fermented sawdust. Primordia of Pleurotus ostreatus were formed on fermented sawdust. The substrate of fermented sawdust showed potential to prevent the growth of Trichoderma sp. which caused a symptom on mushroom mycelium, whereas there was nothing to inhibit the growth of Trichoderma sp. during 30 days after inoculation in non-fermented sawdust. A composting technique was assessed to enhance efficiency in oyster mushroom substrate. Poplar sawdusts and by-product of winter mushroom added by 10% rice bran were composted outdoors at 20℃ to 28℃ for 12 days. The duration of composting shortened 3 days in fermented sawdust plot. The oyster mushroom substrate with fermented sawdusts promoted initial pins to produce a large lump of primordia. The highest yield was 742 g obtained from waste cotton substrate with fermented poplar sawdust, whereas the yield in control treatment 663 g. In addition, the substrate with by-product of winter mushroom was the most effective to composting. It was useful to apply fermented sawdust and recycled by-product to waste cotton associated with compost and sporophore production. Pleurotus spp. cultivation has been beset by several problems: contamination by undesirable microorganisms and pests, intensive labor requirements, and low crop quality owing to poor bed management. In an attempt to solve these problems, a perforated polythene sheet covering technique was assessed on crops of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju. At spawning, beds were covered with perforated transparent and black plastic sheet (0.03 mm thick; 10 cm diameter holes were spaced 10 cm apart giving 25 holes/m~2). Additional spawn was inoculated to the bed surface through the holes. This technique made picking quicker with more efficient use of labor as mushrooms formed in bunches. Total yield of P. ostreatus increased by 5.7% to 10.8 kg/m~2. The mean weight of a mushroom bunch from polythene sheet covered beds was 283 g (33 fruitingbodies) compared to 117 g (15 fruitingbodies) obtained using conventional growing methods. P. sajor-caju rapidly colonized the substrate and individual fruitingbodies formed into discrete bunches at the site of each hole. Total yield of mushrooms from both P. sajor-caju cultivation systems was 8 kg/m~2. The mean of weight of mushroom bunches from a covered bed was 225 g (79 fruitingbodies) compared to single fruitingbodies (2.5 g) picked when using the conventional growing method.