Current Studies and Prospect of Polymyxa Graminis and Its Transmitted Cereal Viruses in China

摘要

In China, Polymyxa graminis transmitted cereal viruses were firstly identified in the 1970s. The diseases caused by these viruses have seriously occurred in estimated 200 million ha of successive barley and wheat crops in Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shangxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhuan provinces and Shanghai City and resulted in a loss of 1. 5 million tons of yield. The rapid spread of the diseases and serious damage of crops are caused by the following reasons: (1) the thick-walled resting spores of the fungal vector are extremely tolerant to a poor environment and chemicals, and they can survive in the soil for decades; ( 2 ) there are various species of viruses and strains, and the continuous appearance of new pathogenic types and strains breaks the resistance of the virus-resistant cultivars and creates difficulties in cereals breeding. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of interaction among the viruses , fungal vector and cereal crops at the molecular level, and to establish new systems and methods for disease control are significantly important.