Global Experiences in Water Reuse: Summary and Recommendations for the USEPA 2012 Water Reuse Guidelines

摘要

The international chapter of the 2012 EPA Water Reuse Guidelines is currently underrndevelopment. This chapter aims to identify tools and approaches used in the international contextrnthat can strengthen water reuse in the US. The main objective is to review internationalrnexperiences in order to gain insights on existing and best practices for governments, internationalrndevelopment agencies, practitioners, and development partners interested in the challenges andrnopportunities within water reuse. Unlike earlier versions, the updated chapter aims to more fullyrndiscuss the full spectrum of applications in a range of resource contexts and highlight successes,rnchallenges, and lessons learned in practical applications across a range of resource settingsrnthrough a collection of case studies. The focus is on local and regional best practices andrnconsiderations for ensuring that water reuse occurs in a safe and sustainable manner. This appliesrnto planned reuse schemes, with an emphasis on engineering practices for wastewater treatment,rnas well as unplanned systems, with an exploration of so-called post- or non-treatment options forrnreducing health risks. Factors that enable safe and sustainable reuse for both planned schemesrnand unplanned systems, such as institutional strengthening, financial planning, stakeholderrnprocesses, and public acceptance campaigns, will be discussed along with a framework forrntransitioning from unplanned to planned reuse.