Chloramination for Quagga Mussel Control: Study and Full-Scale Implementation

摘要

The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) evaluated alternatives to preventrnsettlement and attachment of quagga mussels in the intake pipelines and treatmentrnfacility. Beginning in 2007, free chlorine was used to protect raw water infrastructurernpipelines. The use of free chlorine increased trihalomethane (THM) formation in thernfinished water by 15-20 μg/L. As a result, SNWA evaluated other alternatives such asrnpotassium permanganate and chloramines. The evaluation resulted in thernimplementation of chloramines for quagga mussel control starting in June 2011.rnFollowing the change, THM concentrations approached levels observed prior to therndiscovery of quagga mussels.